Answer to Question 1
A
Apply body lotion to the skin as needed and topical moisturizing agents to dry, flaky, reddened, or scaling areas. Dry skin results in reduced pliability and cracking. Moisturizers help to prevent skin breakdown. Ultraviolet light and antiseptic lotion are not used to treat dry skin. Decreased bath water temperature causes chilling.
Answer to Question 2
Advance directives
In an advance directive, patients indicate in writing the types of treatments that are acceptable or unacceptable to them, describe their life values, or designate a person to speak for them as their durable power of attorney (DPOA) for health care decisions. Advance directives specify medical interventions that the patient does not want in certain situations, such as mechanical ventilation, and are used to communicate the care a patient wants, for example, pain relief to the fullest extent possible.