The nurse is caring for an older patient. The nurse recognizes ...

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The nurse is caring for an older patient. The nurse recognizes that which factors place older adults at higher risk for development of heart failure?
 
  Select all that apply.
  1. impaired diastolic filling
  2. increased cardiac reserve
  3. increased maximal heart rate
  4. reduced ventricular compliance
  5. high responsiveness to sympathetic nervous system stimulation

Question 2

The nurse suspects that a patient has pericarditis. What did the nurse assess to make this clinical decision?
 
  Select all that apply.
  1. pericardial friction rub
  2. abdominal discomfort and nausea
  3. chest pain
  4. bradycardia
  5. distended neck veins

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Answer to Question 1

Correct Answer: 1, 4
Diastolic filling is impaired because of reduced ventricular compliance. With aging, cardiac function is less responsive to increased stress because cardiac reserve decreases, maximal heart rate is reduced, and the heart becomes less responsive to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.

Answer to Question 2

Correct Answer: 1, 3
Pericardial friction rub and chest pain are hallmark signs of pericarditis. Abdominal discomfort, nausea, bradycardia, and distended neck veins are not associated with pericarditis.