Author Question: Abnormal heart sounds are labeled S3 and S4 and are referred to as __________ when auscultated ... (Read 69 times)

Engineer · **on:** Jun 25, 2018

Abnormal heart sounds are labeled S3 and S4 and are referred to as __________ when auscultated during a tachycardic episode.

a. Korotkoff sounds
b. pulse pressure
c. murmurs
d. gallops

Question 2

For sedation and analgesia management of mechanically ventilated critical care patients, put the following steps in the appropriate order in which the nurse should perform them

1 . Using an accepted pain scale, assess the patient's level of pain, and if the patient is hemodynamically stable, medicate appropriately with morphine sulfate.
2 . Assess the degree of agitation and anxiety with an appropriate sedation scale and select an appropriate medication treatment.
3 . Attempt nonpharmacologic treatments; optimize the environment.
4 . Reassess the level of sedation, agitation and anxiety, and pain minimally every 2 hours or as indicated per facility standards.
5 . Rule out and correct reversible causes.
6 . Assess the patient's level of comfort.

a. 1, 2, 6, 5, 3, 4
b. 6, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4
c. 6, 5, 3, 1, 2, 4
d. 4, 1, 2, 6, 5, 3

ecabral0 · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 25, 2018

Answer to Question 1

D
Abnormal heart sounds are known as the third heart sound (S3) and the fourth heart sound (S4); they are referred to as gallops when auscultated during an episode of tachycardia. Murmurs are produced by turbulent flood flow through the chambers of the heart, from forward flow through narrowed or irregular valve openings, or backward regurgitate flow through an incompetent valve. Korotkoff sounds are the sounds created by turbulence of blood flow within a vessel caused by constriction of the blood pressure cuff. Pulse pressure describes the difference between systolic and diastolic values. A normal pulse pressure is 40 mm Hg.

Answer to Question 2

C
Pain and sedation scales should be used to accurately assess the patient's needs; adequate interventions should be applied and the patient frequently reassessed.