A patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving total parenteral ...

[CQXA]

A patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following is true?
 
  a. Excessive calorie intake can cause an increase in PaCO2 .
  b. The patient's head should remain elevated at 45 degrees to avoid aspiration.
  c. Lipid intake should be maintained at greater than 2 g/kg/day.
  d. TPN is preferred over the use of enteral feeding to avoid the complication of aspiration.

Question 2

According to Malcolm Knowles' andragogy, which of the following are characteristics of the adult learner? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Autonomy
  b. Experience
  c. Instructor-driven assessments
  d. Peer-directed motivation
  e. Individualism

[medine]

Answer to Question 1

A
Excessive calorie intake can raise PaCO2 sufficiently to make it difficult to wean a patient from the ventilator. A balanced regimen with both lipids and carbohydrates providing the nonprotein calories is optimal for patients with respiratory compromise, and these patients need to be reassessed continually to ensure that caloric intake is not excessive.

Answer to Question 2

A, B, E
Malcolm Knowles described these principles of adult learning in a model known as andragogy. Adult learning theory stresses concepts of individualism, self-assessment, self-direction, motivation, experience, and autonomy.

[CQXA]

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