The patient has read that the placenta produces hormones that are ...

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The patient has read that the placenta produces hormones that are vital to the function of the fetus.
 
  It is evident that that the patient understands the function of the placenta when she states, The hormone primarily responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy past the 11th week is: 1. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)..
  2. Human placental lactogen (hPL)..
  3. Estrogen..
  4. Progesterone..

Question 2

The nurse is teaching the significance of good nutrition on fetal development to a group of young women. What factors will the nurse discuss? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct and no incorrect choices are selected.
 
  Select all that apply. 1. Vitamins and folic acid are important before conception.
  2. Maternal nutrition may predispose to the development of adult coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
  3. Glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are of high importance.
  4. Nutrition is important only during the first trimester.
  5. Maternal nutrition can affect brain and neural tube development.

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Answer to Question 1

4
Rationale 1: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) begins to decrease as placental hormone production increases. It is not primarily responsible for maintenance of pregnancy past the 11th week.
Rationale 2: Human placental lactogen (hPL) stimulates certain changes in the mother's metabolic processes, but it is not primarily responsible for maintenance of pregnancy past the 11th week.
Rationale 3: Estrogen that is secreted by the placenta is in the form of estriol, and cannot be synthesized by the placenta alone. It is not primarily responsible for maintenance of pregnancy past the 11h week.
Rationale 4: Progesterone is primarily responsible for maintenance of pregnancy past the 11th week because it decreases the contractility of the uterus, thus preventing uterine contractions from causing spontaneous abortion.

Answer to Question 2

1, 2, 3, 5
Explanation: 1. Vitamins and folic acid supplements taken before conception can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects.
2. This is true. Maternal nutrition may predispose to the development of adult coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
3. Amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids are considered to be the primary dietary factors in brain growth.
5. Adequacy of the maternal environment is also important during the periods of rapid embryonic and fetal development. Maternal nutrition can affect brain and neural tube development.

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