Answer to Question 1
B
The preschool stage is the period when the child is first able to describe the location and intensity of pain, stating, for example, ear hurts bad, when feeling pain. The toddler expresses pain by guarding or touching the painful area, verbalizes words that indicate discomfort, such as ouch and hurt, and demonstrates generalized restlessness when feeling pain. The school-age child describes both the location of the pain and its intensity. The adolescent also describes the location and intensity of pain.
Answer to Question 2
C
The Oucher Tool can be used to assess pain for children 3 to 12 years of age. The VAS is indicated for use with older school-age children and adolescents. It can be used with younger school-age children, although less-abstract tools are more appropriate. The Adolescent and Pediatric Pain Tool is indicated for use with children 8 to 17 years of age. The Poker Chip Tool can be used to assess pain in children 4 to 12 years of age.
Applying developmental theory to care
The Taung Child, the first of the australopithecines to be discovered, is the type specimen for Aust
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