The nurse is aware that physiological changes associated with ...

[maegan_martin]

The nurse is aware that physiological changes associated with pain in the infant include which finding(s)?
 
  a. Increased blood pressure and decreased arterial saturation
  b. Decreased blood pressure and increased arterial saturation
  c. Increased urine output and increased heart rate
  d. Decreased urine output and increased blood pressure

Question 2

When pain is assessed in an infant, it would be inappropriate to assess for:
 
  a. facial expressions of pain.
  b. localization of pain.
  c. crying.
  d. thrashing of extremities.

[elizabethrperez]

Answer to Question 1

A
Increased blood pressure and heart rate and decreased arterial saturation are physiological responses to pain in the neonate. An increase in blood pressure and a decrease in arterial saturation are documented when the neonate is feeling pain. Although an increase in heart rate is associated with pain and an increase in blood pressure occurs with pain, urine output changes have not been associated with pain.

Answer to Question 2

B
Infants cannot localize pain to any great extent. Frowning, grimacing, and facial flinching in an infant may indicate pain. Infants often exhibit high-pitched, tense, harsh crying to express pain. Infants may exhibit thrashing extremities in response to a painful stimulus.