Concerning fetal positioning during labor, nurses should be aware ...

[segrsyd]

Concerning fetal positioning during labor, nurses should be aware that:
 
  1. position is a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal.
  2. birth is imminent when the presenting part is at +4 to +5 cm, below the spine.
  3. the largest transverse diameter of the presenting part is the suboccipitobregmati c diameter.
  4. engagement is the term used to describe the beginning of labor.

Question 2

Acute mastitis can be minimized by:
 
  1. washing nipples and breasts with mild soap and water once a day.
  2. using proper breastfeeding techniques.
  3. wearing a nipple shield for the first few days of breastfeeding.
  4. wearing a supportive bra 24 hours a day.

[asdfghjkl;]

Answer to Question 1

2
1. Incorrect. Position is the relation of the presenting part of the fetus to the four quadrants of the mother's pelvis; station is the measure of degree of descent.
2. Correct. The station of the presenting part should be noted at the beginning of labor so that the rate of descent can be determined.
3. Incorrect. The largest diameter is usually the biparietal diameter. The suboccipitobreg-matic is the smallest, although one of the most critical.
4. Incorrect. Engagement often occurs in the weeks just before labor in nulliparas and before or during labor in multiparas.

Answer to Question 2

2
1. Incorrect. It is no longer indicated to wash nipples and breasts daily. In fact, this can cause tissue dryness and irritation, which can lead to tissue breakdown and infection.
2. Correct. Almost all instances of acute mastitis can be avoided by proper breastfeeding technique to prevent cracked nipples.
3. Incorrect. Wearing a nipple shield will not prevent mastitis.
4. Incorrect. Wearing a supportive bra 24 hours a day may contribute to mastitis, especially if an underwire bra is worn, which may put pressure on the upper outer area of the breast, contributing to blocked ducts and mastitis.