Author Question: The nurse talking with the parents of a toddler who is struggling with toilet training reassures ... (Read 83 times)

krzymel · **on:** Jun 28, 2018

The nurse talking with the parents of a toddler who is struggling with toilet training reassures them their child is demonstrating a typical developmental stage that Erikson described as:

1. Trust vs. mistrust.

2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt.

3. Initiative vs. guilt.

4. Industry vs. inferiority.

Question 2

The nurse is working with a 3-year-old child in Bryant's traction for a fractured femur. A pain assessment scale such as the Oucher Scale can be useful to the nurse caring for this child because use of a pain assessment scale:

1. Provides continuity and consistency in assessing and monitoring the child's pain.
2. Decreases anxiety in the child.
3. Increases the child's comfort level.
4. Reduces the child's fear of painful procedures.

briseldagonzales · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 28, 2018

Answer to Question 1

2

Rationale:

1. Trust vs. mistrust is the stage where infants learn whether the environment and the people in it can be trusted.
2. Erikson's stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt marks a period of time when the toddler is trying to gain some independence while still wanting to please adults.
3. Preschool-age children, not toddlers, must work through initiative vs. guilt.
4. School-age children must work on who they are and what can be achieved through industry vs. lacking self-esteem.

Answer to Question 2

1
Rationale:
1. Pain assessment scales are used to assess and monitor pain.
2. Using an assessment scale cannot reduce the child's anxiety or fear, or increase the child's comfort level.
3. Using an assessment scale cannot reduce the child's anxiety or fear, or increase the child's comfort level.
4. The nurse can reduce anxiety or fear and increase the child's comfort level by implementing appropriate nursing interventions based on assessment scale data.