To help clients manage discomfort and pain during labor, nurses ...

[B]

To help clients manage discomfort and pain during labor, nurses should be aware that:
 
  a. The predominant pain of the first stage of labor is the visceral pain located in the lower portion of the abdomen.
  b. Referred pain is the extreme discomfort between contractions.
  c. The somatic pain of the second stage of labor is more generalized and related to fatigue.
  d. Pain during the third stage is a somewhat milder version of the second stage.

Question 2

Which statement correctly describes the effects of various pain factors?
 
  a. Higher prostaglandin levels arising from dysmenorrhea can blunt the pain of childbirth.
  b. Upright positions in labor increase the pain factor because they cause greater fatigue.
  c. Women who move around trying different positions are experiencing more pain.
  d. Levels of pain-mitigating -endorphins are higher during a spontaneous, natural childbirth.

[Ahernandez18]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
This pain comes from cervical changes, distention of the lower uterine segment, and uterine ischemia. Referred pain occurs when the pain that originates in the uterus radiates to the abdominal wall, lumbosacral area of the back, iliac crests, and gluteal area. Second-stage labor pain is intense, sharp, burning, and localized. Third-stage labor pain is similar to that of the first stage.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Higher endorphin levels help women tolerate pain and reduce anxiety and irritability. Higher prostaglandin levels correspond to more severe labor pains. Upright positions in labor usually result in improved comfort and less pain. Moving freely to find more comfortable positions is important for reducing pain and muscle tension.

[B]

Excellent

[frankwu0507]

YES! Correct, THANKS for helping me on my review