Which can result from the bone demineralization associated with ...

[sam.t96]

Which can result from the bone demineralization associated with immobility?
 
  a. Osteoporosis
  b. Urinary retention
  c. Pooling of blood
  d. Susceptibility to infection

Question 2

The nurse should monitor for which effect on the cardiovascular system when a child is immobilized?
 
  a. Venous stasis
  b. Increased vasopressor mechanism
  c. Normal distribution of blood volume
  d. Increased efficiency of orthostatic neurovascular reflexes

[carojassy25]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Bone demineralization leads to a negative calcium balance, osteoporosis, pathologic fractures, extraosseous bone formation, and renal calculi. Urinary retention is secondary to the effect of immobilization on the urinary tract. Pooling of blood is a result of the cardiovascular effects of immobilization. Susceptibility to infection can result from the effects of immobilization on the respiratory and renal systems.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
The physiologic effects of immobilization, as a result of decreased muscle contraction, include venous stasis. This can lead to pulmonary emboli or thrombi. A decreased vasopressor mechanism results in orthostatic hypotension, syncope, hypotension, decreased cerebral blood flow, and tachycardia. An altered distribution of blood volume is found with decreased cardiac workload and exercise tolerance. Immobilization causes a decreased efficiency of orthostatic neurovascular reflexes with an inability to adapt readily to the upright position and with pooling of blood in the extremities in the upright position.