The nurse is assessing a laboring patient. Which specific ...

[Beheh]

The nurse is assessing a laboring patient. Which specific behavior(s) or sign(s) indicate(s) that birth is imminent? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Involuntarily bearing down with contractions
  b. Bulging of the perineum
  c. Grunting sounds
  d. The desire to walk around
  e. Requests for food and drink

Question 2

Focusing strategies, cutaneous stimulation, and back massage are thought to reduce pain by:
 
  a. Preventing pain sensations from being transmitted by the spinal column
  b. Blocking the interpretation of painful stimuli in the brain
  c. Altering the perception of painful stimuli
  d. Decreasing the production of endorphins

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: A, B, C
Sitting on one buttock, making grunting sounds, involuntarily bearing down with contractions, stating the baby is coming, bulging of the perineum; as the fetal head descends, the woman has the urge to push because of pressure of the head on the sacral nerves and rectum. The perineum begins to bulge and flatten, and crowning occurs.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
According to the gate control theory, distractions occupy the fibers that transmit painful stimuli to the brain via the spinal column. This prevents the pain sensation from being transmitted.