Answer to Question 1
ANS: C
A high-risk neonate is at greater risk for cold stress than a term infant because of the smaller muscle mass and fewer deposits of brown fat for producing heat, lack of insulating subcutaneous fat, and poor reflex control of skin capillaries. By definition, a neutral thermal environment is one that permits the infant to maintain a normal core temperature with minimum oxygen consumption and caloric expenditure. Smaller muscle mass and poor reflex control of skin capillaries decrease the ability of a high-risk neonate to compensate for an environment that is not thermoneutral. Metabolism increases in an infant experiencing cold stress, creating a compensatory increase in oxygen and caloric consumption. Increased caloric consumption is to be avoided. Neonates need available calories for growth.
Answer to Question 2
ANS:
1650
Follow the formula for daily fluid requirements for children.
First 10 kg: 100 ml/kg/day 10 kg = 1000 ml/day
Second 10 kg: 50 ml/kg/day 2 kg = 100 ml/day
= 1100 ml
Divide 1100/2 to get the additional fluids needed for 150 maintenance requirement.
= 550
Add 1100 + 550 = 1650 ml
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