What pain management approach is most effective for a child who ...

[crobinson2013]

What pain management approach is most effective for a child who is having a bone marrow test?
 
  a. Relaxation techniques
  b. Administration of an opioid
  c. EMLA cream applied over site
  d. Conscious or unconscious sedation

Question 2

A young child with leukemia has anorexia and severe stomatitis. What approach should the nurse suggest that the parents try?
 
  a. Relax any eating pressures.
  b. Firmly insist that the child eat normally.
  c. Serve foods that are either hot or cold.
  d. Provide only liquids because chewing is painful.

[JYan]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
Children need explanations before each procedure that is being done to them. Effective pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures should be used to minimize pain associated with procedures. For bone marrow aspiration, conscious or unconscious sedation should be used. Relaxation, opioids, and EMLA can be used to augment the sedation.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
A multifaceted approach is necessary for children with severe stomatitis and anorexia. First, the parents should relax eating pressures. The nurse should suggest that the parents try soft, bland foods; normal saline or bicarbonate mouthwashes; and local anesthetics. Insisting that the child eat normally is not suggested. For some children, not eating may be a way to maintain some control. This can set the child and caregiver in opposition to each other. Hot and cold foods can be painful on ulcerated mucosal membranes. Substitution of high-calorie foods that the child likes and can eat should be used.

[crobinson2013]

Excellent

[mochi09]

TYSM