An 18-month-old child is brought to the emergency department ...

[Collmarie]

An 18-month-old child is brought to the emergency department after being found unconscious in the family pool. What does the nurse identify as the primary problem in drowning incidents?
 
  a. Hypoxia
  b. Aspiration
  c. Hypothermia
  d. Electrolyte imbalance

Question 2

The mother of a 1-month-old infant tells the nurse she worries that her baby will get meningitis like the child's younger brother had when he was an infant. The nurse should base a response on which information?
 
  a. Meningitis rarely occurs during infancy.
  b. Often a genetic predisposition to meningitis is found.
  c. Vaccination to prevent all types of meningitis is now available.
  d. Vaccinations to prevent pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis are available.

[trampas]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Hypoxia is the primary problem because it results in global cell damage, with different cells tolerating variable lengths of anoxia. Neurons sustain irreversible damage after 4 to 6 minutes of submersion. Severe neurologic damage occurs from hypoxia in 3 to 6 minutes. Aspiration of fluid does occur, resulting in pulmonary edema, atelectasis, airway spasm, and pneumonitis, which complicate the anoxia. Hypothermia occurs rapidly, except in hot tubs. Electrolyte imbalances do result, but they are not a major cause of morbidity and mortality.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
H. influenzae type B meningitis has been virtually eradicated in areas of the world where the vaccine is administered routinely. Bacterial meningitis remains a serious illness in children. It is significant because of the residual damage caused by undiagnosed and untreated or inadequately treated cases. The leading causes of neonatal meningitis are the group B streptococci and Escherichia coli organisms. Meningitis is an extension of a variety of bacterial infections. No genetic predisposition exists. Vaccinations are not available for all of the potential causative organisms.

[Collmarie]

Thank you

[trampas]

No problemo