Answer to Question 1
ANS: C
With a combination of dietary modification, regular toilet habits, and prevention of constipation and impaction, some degree of fecal continence can usually be achieved. Incontinence can be minimized with the development of a regular bowel training program. A surgical intervention can assist with continence. Enemas and laxatives are part of a bowel training program. Colostomies are not indicated in children with myelomeningocele.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A, B, D
A bottle-fed infant with an isolated cleft lip should be fed with cheek support (squeezing the cheeks together to decrease the width of the cleft), which may help the infant achieve an adequate anterior lip seal during feeding. Systems that have a wider base, such as an NUK (orthodontic) nipple or a Playtex nurser, allow the infant with a cleft lip to feed more successfully. The infant should be positioned upright with the head supported. This position helps gravity to direct the flow of liquid so that it is swallowed rather than entering into the nasal cavity. Enlarging the nipple opening would allow too much milk too fast for an infant with a cleft palate. Thickening the formula with rice cereal is done for infants with gastroesophageal reflux, not cleft lip.
Children at church
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A group of children were asked how many hours a day they spend watching television.
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