Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
Signs of pain in the infant include crunching the forehead, closing the eyes tightly, having shallow respirations, and experiencing altered sleep cycles. This baby is sleeping after a feeding, which is a normal sleep pattern, and thus indicates the pain is improving.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
Skin breakdown due to rubbing and shearing is a common occurrence in a baby with unrelieved pain. The nurse should first assess the baby for pain and treat accordingly. Emollient should not be used on open skin. Hypoallergenic linens are not warranted. Sheepskin may or may not be helpful, but the best action is to assess and treat any pain.