Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
Developmental theory has as its core the idea that every person moves through developmental stages with tasks that must be mastered before they can move on to the next stage. Family developmental theory assumes the same progression for families as a unit. Duvall's theory identifies eight family stages. The nurse using Duvall's family developmental theory must first assess the stage the family is in, because teaching and all other interventions must be tailored to that stage. Only tailoring the teaching to specific needs does not necessarily require assessment of the family using a developmental approach. Determining how the family interacts with society is more in line with systems theory. Observing roles is part of structural-functional theory.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
According to family systems theory, each family system contains boundaries that affect how the outside world interacts with the family. Families that have recently immigrated to the United States might have closed boundaries and may only be receptive to health information provided by extended family members or members of their community. Establishing a lay health educator program in which community members can be taught health information with the intent of delivering it to their communities would be a good way to work with these families while respecting their boundaries. Regularly occurring health events might improve the nurse's standing in the community. Written information may or may not be helpful; many refugees are illiterate in their native languages and some languages do not have a written form. Establishing relationships within the community is advisable, but does not go far enough to solve the problem.
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