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About 3.2 billion people, nearly half the world population, are at risk for malaria. In 2015, there are about 214 million malaria cases and an estimated 438,000 malaria deaths.
The use of salicylates dates back 2,500 years to Hippocrates's recommendation of willow bark (from which a salicylate is derived) as an aid to the pains of childbirth. However, overdosage of salicylates can harm body fluids, electrolytes, the CNS, the GI tract, the ears, the lungs, the blood, the liver, and the kidneys and cause coma or death.
Bacteria have flourished on the earth for over three billion years. They were the first life forms on the planet.
When blood is exposed to air, it clots. Heparin allows the blood to come in direct contact with air without clotting.
Throughout history, plants containing cardiac steroids have been used as heart drugs and as poisons (e.g., in arrows used in combat), emetics, and diuretics.
![(A) Each bronchiole terminates in an alveolar sac, a group of alveoli; (B) alveoli encased by networ](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_10_09_12_7_13_31_84891921.jpeg)
![A blood smear. The smear reveals representative cells from each formed element group: red blood cell](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_11_11_12_7_18_43_100341996.jpeg)