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As the western states of America were settled, pioneers often had to drink rancid water from ponds and other sources. This often resulted in chronic diarrhea, causing many cases of dehydration and death that could have been avoided if clean water had been available.
The horizontal fraction bar was introduced by the Arabs.
According to the FDA, adverse drug events harmed or killed approximately 1,200,000 people in the United States in the year 2015.
It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%.