When a political candidate has staff workers phone registered ...

[kamilo84]

When a political candidate has staff workers phone registered voters of another party to ask a leading and negative question about his opposing candidate, this is a form of _____.
 a. a push poll
  b. advocacy research
  c. a research supplier
  d. a cross-functional team

Question 2

The question of whether the observed effects on the test units could have been caused by variables other than the treatment refers to:
 a. external validity c. possible instrumentation effects
  b. internal validity d. possible concomitant variation

[lucas dlamini]

Answer to Question 1

A

Answer to Question 2

B
Internal validity relates to whether the observed effects on the test units could have been caused by variables other than the treatment, that is, by extraneous variables.

[kamilo84]

Gracias!

[tanna.moeller]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it