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In the ancient and medieval periods, dysentery killed about ? of all babies before they reach 12 months of age. The disease was transferred through contaminated drinking water, because there was no way to adequately dispose of sewage, which contaminated the water.
Bacteria have flourished on the earth for over three billion years. They were the first life forms on the planet.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. As of yet, there is no cure. Everyone is at risk, and there may be no warning signs. It is six to eight times more common in African Americans than in whites. The best and most effective way to detect glaucoma is to receive a dilated eye examination.
In Eastern Europe and Russia, interferon is administered intranasally in varied doses for the common cold and influenza. It is claimed that this treatment can lower the risk of infection by as much as 60–70%.
An identified risk factor for osteoporosis is the intake of excessive amounts of vitamin A. Dietary intake of approximately double the recommended daily amount of vitamin A, by women, has been shown to reduce bone mineral density and increase the chances for hip fractures compared with women who consumed the recommended daily amount (or less) of vitamin A.
![(A) Figure illustrating the location and appearance of a peptic ulcer in both the stomach and the du](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_10_09_12_7_09_46_8476830.jpeg)
![Hemodialysis. The process of hemodialysis replaces the kidney function of blood filtration by forcin](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_26_10_12_5_21_06_9669398.jpeg)
![The cardiovascular system. A schematic view of the closed circulation of blood. The heart is section](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_11_11_12_7_14_25_100191159.jpeg)