Answer to Question 1
The main argument is that foreign competition costs domestic jobs. If Americans purchase foreign-made goods then domestic-made goods go unsold. This costs American workers their jobs. The weakness of this argument is that it fails to recognize or admit that workers from displaced sectors may be absorbed in other expanding sectors of the economy.
Answer to Question 2
Though the manager does not see the entire process, nonetheless the loans the manager makes create more deposits and more money. Point out to the manager that when she makes a loan, the deposits at her bank initially increase. And, when the loan is spent, the recipient selling the goods or services that have been purchased will deposit part or all of the proceeds in his or her bank. When the recipient makes this deposit, the total amount of the nation's deposits increase and, because deposits are part of the nation's money, the quantity of money also increases. However, actions of other economic agents also affect the creation of money. For example, if people decide to hold less currency and more deposits, the immediate effect on the quantity of money is nil. But over time the quantity of money increases because banks gain more (excess) reserves, which are then loaned and then deposited, thereby creating additional deposits and increasing the quantity of money.
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The family described in Example Case 3