Answer to Question 1
Factors not included in GDP which you might consider include the value of leisure, levels of pollution, crime levels, and other social problems. All of these factors are not included in GDP measurements, yet may be very important in making a decision concerning your well-being.
Answer to Question 2
Although the discussion on reducing atmospheric carbon concentration needs to focus on whether taxes, direct regulation, or cap-and-trade schemes should be used, technological change in the energy sector is likely to be the most central pillar of the economics of climate change. Shifting to clean energy requires the development of technology and the implementation of alreadydiscovered but not yet commercialized technologies. With technological progress, reductions in carbon emissions that would not have been cost effective with our given state of technology could become feasible. Furthermore, we may not need to rely as much on a carbon tax or cap-and-trade provided that the development of new environmentallyfrie ndly technologies can be encouraged.
A-head: ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Concept: Technology and Climate Change
Answer to Question 3
a. This is an example of optimization by differences since John is stating that the Batman movie provides 10 more in value than the Spiderman movie. Buying a large popcorn and a large drink has no impact on his decision since the net benefit of the popcorn and drink would be added to that of each movie; so the decision on which movie to attend would not be impacted.
b. This is an example of optimization by levels. Marcia has a higher net benefit from flying non-stop.
c. This is an example of optimization by differences. Nikki states that the first parking space gives her 5 greater net value than any other space.
d. Reagan has evaluated her choices of class schedules using the total net benefit from each combination. Therefore, this is optimization by levels.