Answer to Question 1
The size of the sample used to test the argument can affect the results. A small sample may bias the results of a study. A key strength of economic analysis is the amount of data used. Using a large number of observations strengthens the force of an empirical argument. For example, if you collect information on consumption from 20,000 people as opposed to 20 people, you are likely to get a more representative result. A single example can be used to contradict a statement. For example, a single black swan can disprove the statement that all swans are white.
Answer to Question 2
C