Answer to Question 1
The government redistributes income using income taxes, income maintenance programs, and subsidized services. Income taxes redistribute income because they are generally progressive so that higher-income households pay more in income taxes than lower-income households. In addition, poor households receive money from the income tax through the earned income credit. Income maintenance programs are programs such as social security, unemployment compensation, and welfare. These programs tend to give more income to poorer households than richer households. Finally, the government provides subsidized services, such as below-cost health care and below-cost schooling.
Answer to Question 2
This statement is false. The reason is that nations don't trade according to their absolute advantage but rather their comparative advantage. Even though the nation of Berdundi has an absolute disadvantage in the production of everything it is very unlikely that it won't have a comparative advantage in the production of at least one good or service vis--vis the United States.
Wenda Gu, united nations—china monument: temple of heaven.
Examples of low and high Entropy states
The level of emissions from transport in the United States is twice as high as the global average
Determination of Income Inequality
How an Increase in Income Inequality Affects the Desired Tax Rate
Relationship Between Income per Capita and Population Growth