Answer to Question 1
The interest rate is determined in the money market by the interaction of the demand for money and the supply of money. If the interest rate is less than the equilibrium, there is an excess demand for money. In order to increase the quantity of money they hold, people sell bonds and other financial assets. As a result, the price of financial assets falls and the interest rate rises. People continue to sell assets and the interest rate continues to rise until it reaches its equilibrium.
Answer to Question 2
Graphs help economists, and others, to visualize the relationships between economic variables. Graphs that plot variables together help economists understand if the variables are related and how they are related. Graphs also help provide a visual picture of economic models that link different variables. Indeed, many other disciplines use such visual models. For example, architects work with blueprints (their model) and the blueprints represent every detail of a building. Economists' models do not reflect of every detail of the real world, but the graphs that they use nonetheless are valuable because they help clarify the linkages between the variables.
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How to calculate simple interest (Part 2)
Cost = $99.49; Rate of markup based on cost = 32%. Find the markup and selling price.