The results from a correlational study show a positive ...

[wenmo]

The results from a correlational study show a positive relationship between aggressive behavior for six-year-old children and the amount of violence they watch on television. Based on this relationship, which of the following conclusions is justified?
 
  a. Decreasing the amount of violence that the children see on TV will reduce their aggressive behavior.
  b. Increasing the amount of violence that the children see on TV will increase their aggressive behavior.
  c. Children who watch more TV violence tend to exhibit more aggressive behavior.
 d. Children who are prone to being aggressive have a preference for violent TV programs.

Question 2

Describe the two forms of the proxy-pretest design.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[nital]

Answer to Question 1

c

Answer to Question 2

There are essentially two variations of this design. In the first, you ask the participants to estimate where their pretest level would have been. This can be called the Recollection or Retrospective designparticipants are literally asked to look back.. For instance, you might ask participants to complete pretest measures by estimating how they would have answered the questions six months ago.
The other Proxy-Pretest design uses archived records to stand in for the pretest. This design is called the Archived Proxy-Pretest design. For instance, imagine that you are studying the effects of an educational program on the math performance of eighth-graders. Unfortunately, you were brought in to do the study after the program had already been started. You are able to collect a posttest that shows math ability after training, but you have no pretest. Under these circumstances, your best bet might be to find a proxy variable from existing records that would estimate pretest performance. For instance, you might use the students' grade-point averages in math from the seventh grade as the proxy-pretest.

[wenmo]

TYSM

[scottmt]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it