Answer to Question 1
This may be difficult for students to grapple with, but to the extent that the instructor emphasizes this issue in lecture, the student may be expected to understand the importance of technological change and how it occurs as being a crucial issue for development.
Answer to Question 2
The case study provides some clues to the answer. This may be a nice question for students to reflect on the interplay between politics and economics. Efforts in India, a functioning democracy (despite the authoritarian tendencies of Mrs. Ghandi), has meant that population control have come up against resistance. On the other hand, China's ability, inherent in its political system, to enforce birth control policies has meant it has been more successful.