Answer to Question 1
In content validity, you essentially check the operationalization against the relevant content domain for the construct. The content domain is like a comprehensive checklist of the traits of your construct. This approach assumes that you have a good, detailed description of the content domain, something that's not always true. Let's look at an example where it is true. You might lay out all of the characteristics of a teenage pregnancy-prevention program. You would probably include in this domain specification the definition of the target group, a description of whether the program is preventive in nature (as opposed to treatment-oriented), and the content that should be included, such as basic information on pregnancy, the use of abstinence, birth control methods, and so on. Then, armed with these characteristics, you create a type of checklist to be used when examining your program. Only programs that have these characteristics can legitimately be defined as teenage pregnancy-prevention programs. This all sounds fairly straightforward, and for many operationalizations, it may be. However, for other, more abstract constructs (such as self-esteem or intelligence), it may not be as easy to decide which characteristics constitute the content domain.
Answer to Question 2
A
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