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It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
Asthma occurs in one in 11 children and in one in 12 adults. African Americans and Latinos have a higher risk for developing asthma than other groups.
In Eastern Europe and Russia, interferon is administered intranasally in varied doses for the common cold and influenza. It is claimed that this treatment can lower the risk of infection by as much as 60–70%.
In 1864, the first barbiturate (barbituric acid) was synthesized.
It is believed that humans initially contracted crabs from gorillas about 3 million years ago from either sleeping in gorilla nests or eating the apes.
![Acute exacerbations of asthma can require management in the emergency department. The child is place](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_05_10_12_4_09_38_92591688.jpeg)
![Intramuscular drug administration: (c) the needle is inserted at a 90° angle: Source: Pearson Educat](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_46687_08_12_14_5_05_08_195362384.jpeg)