Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
One measure of population composition is the sex ratiothe number of males for
every hundred females in a given population. A sex ratio of 100 indicates an equal
number of males and females in the population. If the number is greater than 100, there
are more males than females if it is less than 100, there are more females than males.
In the United States, the sex ratio for 2014 was 97, which means there were 97 males
per 100 females. Although approximately 124 males are conceived for every 100
females, male fetuses miscarry at a higher rate. At birth, there are 105 males for every
100 females, but because males at all ages generally have higher mortality rates than
females, the sex ratio declines with age. In the 2554 age category, the sex ratio in
2014 was 100, meaning that for every 100 men in that age category, there were 100
women. However, by ages 65 and older, the sex ratio was 77, meaning that for every
100 women ages 65 and older, there were only 77 men in this age category.
The Punnett square demonstrates how the F2 ratio arises from an F1 x F1 cross.
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