Answer to Question 1
The functionalist perspective assumes that people share a consensus on central
concerns, such as freedom and protection from harm, and that the government serves
important functions no other institution can fulfill. Durkheim described the purpose of
government as socializing people to be good citizens, regulating the economy, and
providing necessary services for citizens. Contemporary functionalists state the four
main functions as follows: (1) maintaining law and order, (2) planning and directing
society, (3) meeting social needs, and (4) handling international relations, including
warfare. Functionalists suggest that divergent viewpoints lead to a system of political
pluralism in which the government functions as an arbiter between competing interests
and viewpoints. According to the pluralist model, power in political systems is widely
dispersed throughout many competing interest groups.
Answer to Question 2
d
Living systems such as the human body consist of closely interrelated elements
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