Answer to Question 1
The term political crime refers to illegal or unethical acts involving the usurpation of power by government officials, or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government by outsiders seeking to make a political statement, undermine the government, or overthrow it. Government officials may use their authority unethically or illegally for the purpose of material gain or political power. They may engage in graft (taking advantage of political position to gain money or property) through bribery, kickbacks, or insider deals that financially benefit them. Some acts committed by agents of the government against persons and groups believed to be threats to national security are also classified as political crimes. Four types of political deviance have been attributed to some officials: (1) secrecy and deception designed to manipulate public opinion, (2) abuse of power, (3) prosecution of individuals because to their political activities, and (4) official violence, such as police brutality against people of color or the use of citizens as unwilling guinea pigs in scientific research.
Answer to Question 2
Three factors are important in determining the gendered division of labor in a society:
(1) the type of subsistence base, (2) the supply of and demand for labor, and (3) the
extent to which women's child-rearing activities are compatible with certain types of
work.
The recent mass upheavals in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and Syria gave political scientists a cha
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