Answer to Question 1
d
Answer to Question 2
Three of the major problems of bureaucracies are (1) inefficiency and
rigidity, (2) resistance to change, and (3) perpetuation of race, class, and
gender inequalities. The self-protective behavior of officials at the top
may render the organization inefficient. Meanwhile, those at the bottom of
the structure hide their mistakes from supervisors, a practice that may
ultimately result in disaster for the organization. Policies and procedures
also contribute to inefficiency and rigidity. Bureaucratic regulations are
written in far greater detail than is necessary to ensure that almost all
conceivable situations are covered. Once bureaucratic organizations are
created, they tend to resist change. Resistance to change contributes to
bureaucratic enlargement. Some bureaucracies perpetuate inequalities
of race, class, and gender because this form of organizational structure
creates a specific type of work or learning environment. This structure
was typically created for middle- and upper-middle class white men, who
for many years were the predominant organizational participants.
Overview of points of control for gene regulation in (a) prokaryotes and (b) eukaryotes
Examples of structures in which extensive surface area is important for function.
The endocrine control of spermatogenesis.
Sine Function Gif
How B Vitamins Function as Coenzymes (c)
The Survivorship Function for Women in Sweden