Answer to Question 1
Feedback: A subculture is a relatively cohesive cultural system that varies in form and substance from the dominant culture. Examples could include religious sects such as the Amish, ethnic groups such as Irish Americans, or even criminal gangs. According to Milton Yinger, the term subculture should be limited to relatively cohesive cultural systems that differ from the dominant culture in such things as language, values, religion, and style of life because it has emigrated from another society and, because of physical or social isolation, has not been fully assimilated. Yinger preferred the term counterculture for a culturally homogeneous group with values and norms that differ from the larger society because the group opposes the larger society. This type of group is in conflict with the dominant culture. The particular values and norms can be understood only by reference to the dominant group.
Answer to Question 2
Feedback: Knowing the values (the criteria for evaluation) of a society is an excellent way of understanding that society. To determine the dominant values of a society, one might ask: What gives individuals status in their society? What choices do people consistently make? One might also find out through interviews and questionnaires, or by observing the rewardpunishment system in a society.
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