Answer to Question 1
Delivering babies used to be a matter of women helping women.Physiciansall of whom were menwanted to expand their business.Taking over childbirth was one way to do it.Midwives did not want men taking over their business.Also, men knew nothing about delivering babies.As physicians gained political power, they attacked midwives as dirty, ignorant, and incompetent. They persuaded many states to pass laws against anyone but physicians delivering babies.
Answer to Question 2
b. may be on the verge of a major shift from West to East.