According to the text's discussion:
a. in modern societies, the definition of deviance is a political process.
b. people become deviant when others define them that way.
c. in small, traditional societies, it is likely to be the whole society that makes the decisions as to which behaviors are deviant.
d. all of the above
Question 2
In his study The Saints and the Roughnecks, sociologist William Chambliss concluded that:
a. although both groups engaged in similar behavior, only the Roughnecks who came from lower-income families were stigmatized by a deviant label.
b. since both groups engaged in similar behavior, their members were equally stigmatized by deviant labels, regardless of their class background.
c. the roughnecks were stigmatized by a deviant label because they committed more offenses than the Saints.
d. the Saints were stigmatized by a deviant label because they committed more offenses than the Roughnecks.
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