Answer to Question 1
high culture refers to refined culture such as fine wines, opera, classical music, and great literature. High culture is generally associated with more elite or affluent classes and Whites. Popular culture refers to popular entertainment (spectator sports, movies, television), less highbrow literature (novels, comic books), and popular music, and is more typically associated with working and middle classes. High culture is conserved by the elite or dominant classes because only they may have the training for or appreciation of high culture.
Answer to Question 2
Technology (i.e., public health measures, highly productive farming materials and methods) transferred from the Most Industrialized Nations caused the sharp decline in the death rate experienced by countries in Stage 2. Although this is a positive effect, the birth rates continue to be high, creating a population explosion. The Most Industrialized Nations have not been very successful in the exportation of the technology to reduce birth rates. This is primarily because high birth rates are closely associated with many nations' cultural values. While the positive aspects of greater food production, medicine, and other necessities are welcomed, changing cultural values are not prone to being embraced. The result is high birth rates combined with declining death rates that have even a greater impact on the population of countries in Stage 2 today than it did as Western civilizations developed.
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