Answer to Question 1
There are six types of social movements. They differ based on the target of change and the amount of change the movement seeks. Two movements are targeted toward individual change: alterative movements which seek to alter some particular behavior of people; and redemptive movements in which the aim is for total change of the individual. In the other two movements, reformative and transformative, society is the target of change. The goal of a reformative social movement is to change some aspect of society. Transformative movements, however, have the goal of transforming the social order itself and replacing it with a new version of the good society. Transnational social movements seek to change some issue worldwide, often centering in the quality of life. The metaformative social movement seeks to change the social order of an entire civilization or the world order and poses a threat to the existing social order.
Answer to Question 2
c