Answer to Question 1
The ideal bureaucracy is based on Weber's ideal type a composite of characteristics based on many specific examples to form the perfect bureaucratic organization. The real bureaucracy operates on a daily basis to provide for the needs and services of a society (police and fire protection, economic production, religion, education, and others). The real bureaucracy has inherent flaws but manages to exist in spite of them. In all likelihood, the ideal bureaucracy does not exist. Bureaucracies are composed of people, and people have flaws. They form coalitions and are subject to bias. In view of this, the probability of an ideal bureaucracy is remote.
Answer to Question 2
Researchers use questionnaires and interviews when employing the survey method.
(1 ) Questionnaires are usually self-administered. They allow a large number of people to be sampled at a lower cost. One disadvantage is that the researcher loses control of the data collection.
(2 ) Interviews allow researchers to ask people questions face-to-face, by telephone, or by email. These methods allow for deeper insight into the population being studied. Disadvantages of interviews are that they are labor-intensive, result in fewer respondents, and may lead to interviewer bias.
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