Answer to Question 1
Occupational sex segregation looks at the percentages of workers in a job that are male and female. The occupational sex segregation index is an indication of how segregated or how integrated a job may be. A job that has an index of 100 is completely segregated (either completely male or completely female). A job that earns a rank of 0 is completely integrated. Despite some integration, as many women, typically those with college degrees, have entered traditionally male fields of employment, many jobs remain rather segregated by sex. Socialization still urges men and women toward different careers, and hiring discrimination, despite legislation, still exists. The gender pay gap indicates the disparity in pay between men and women performing similar work. Some of the evidence for the disparity indicates that occupational sex segregation helps explain the gap. Other research shows that women may experience discrimination in pay and opportunity because they are mothers. In a study, fake rsums were sent out. Rsums that indicated PTA membership or any affiliation that might be associated with being a mother were not considered. There was no such fatherhood penalty for men's rsums. Although the pay gap has narrowed, women still earn less than men, on average.
Answer to Question 2
The gender revolution refers to the ways in which females have taken on activities and roles that were once limited to males. Girls are on sports teams, work in traditionally male-dominated careers, are elected to political offices, and earn college degrees. Women spend less time doing housework and married men have slightly increased the amount of time that they contribute to household chores.
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