Answer to Question 1
a
Answer to Question 2
The earliest research on prejudice and discrimination was conducted by psychologists. The presence of racism was dismissed as an expression of a personality disorder. Psychological approaches have been criticized for overlooking the context that gives shape to the beliefs and behaviors that underlie racism. These approaches also view racism as an abnormal condition when, in fact, large numbers of Americans throughout history have expressed racist thoughts and beliefs.
Sociologists feel that normative theories best explain the presence of racism. These theories posit that people learn the norms that operate in society at large. They consider the types of situations that encourage or give rise to prejudicial beliefs or discriminatory acts. Norms are seen early in people's development, in play patterns in children, when choosing partners for games.
Growth of yeast cells in culture fits the logistic growth model.
Breast Palpation Methods, Concentric Circles
Health Belief Model
Marx's Model of Historical Change
The Holliday model for homologous recombination
The operon model, as proposed in 1961 by Jacob and Monod