Answer to Question 1
Two primary ways in which gender inequality exists in the workplace are the existence of a gender gap in earnings and the existence of a glass ceiling. Regardless of the level of education, women's wages average about 70 percent of men's. About one-half of this gender gap in earnings is due to gender discrimination. Women often encounter what has been termed the glass ceiling, an invisible barrier that keeps them from being promoted to the top positions in a company. Women are often restricted to jobs that are less likely to lead to these top positions because men stereotype women as supportive assistants rather than potential leaders. In addition, women often lack mentors who will teach them the ropes.
Answer to Question 2
More women than men are currently enrolled in universities and colleges (57 percent), and more women earn bachelor's degrees (57 percent) and master's degrees (60 percent). However, women are still generally tracked into degree programs that have been traditionally defined as feminine. In graduate school, the gender gap increases. Men tend to outnumber women in most science doctorates, are more likely to be promoted to full professor than women, and earn more money than women.
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