Answer to Question 1
Timasheff identifies three conditions which are essential for war to occur. They include a cultural tradition of war. If war has been viewed as a viable option for dealing with disputes then it increases the likelihood for the selection of war as an option. Next is an antagonistic situation in which states confront incompatible objectives. Two or more states may desire the same geographical territories or resources in those territories. The third condition is a fuel which heats the antagonistic situation to a boiling point if the leaders see an antagonistic situation as an opportunity to achieve certain objectives or fuels. The seven fuels are revenge, power, prestige, unity, position, ethnicity and beliefs.
Answer to Question 2
Sex refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish males and females. Sex consists of both primary and secondary characteristics. Primary sex characteristics refer to the organs related to reproduction; secondary sex characteristics refer to the physical distinctions between males and females that are not directly related to reproduction. In contrast, gender is socially constructed and consists of the specific behaviors and attitudes that a society considers appropriate for its male or its female members. Sex physically distinguishes males from females; gender defines what is masculine and feminine. In the nature versus nurture debate, sex would be aligned with nature because it is biological and the result of chromosome characteristics, while gender would be aligned with nurture because it is based on cultural differences that society creates for men and women.
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