Answer to Question 1
(1 ) first estate nobles and wealthy rulers;
(2 ) second estate clergy, priests, and nuns;
(3 ) third estate serfs and commoners
Answer to Question 2
A specifically racial caste-like system existed from the end of the Civil War until civil rights legislation was passed. Whites and blacks were separated in all social, educational, recreational, and other aspects of life, and this separation was based on law. Severe penalties, both formal and informal, were awarded for violation of these segregation laws.