Answer to Question 1
There are a number of traditional sex-role expectations for males in our society: A male is expected to be tough, fearless, logical, self-reliant, independent, and aggressive. He should have definite opinions on the major issues of the day and make authoritative decisions at work and at home. He is expected to be strong-a sturdy oak-and never to be depressed, vulnerable, or anxious. He is not supposed to be a sissy-to cry or openly display emotions that suggest vulnerability. He is expected to be the provider, the breadwinner. He should be competent in all situations, physically strong, athletic, confident, daring, brave, and forceful. He should be in a position to dominate any situation-to be a Clint Eastwood. He is supposed to initiate relationships with women and be dominant in these relationships. Men who are supported by their wives, or who earn less than their wives, are likely to experience feelings of shame and inadequacy. Even very young boys are expected to be masculine. Parents and relatives are far more concerned when a boy is a sissy than when a girl is a tomboy. A tomboy is expected to outgrow her masculine tendencies, but it is erroneously feared that a sissy will never fare well in our competitive society and may even become gay.
Answer to Question 2
C
Functionalist and Conflict Views of Stratification: The Distribution of Society's Resources
Comparing Traditional and Industrialized (and Information) Societies
Japan’s Economy and Society
Although the highest rates of disordered eating patterns occur among females, males are not immune
Foundations of American Education: Becoming Effective Teachers in Challenging Times
Outgroup role in relative rate test