Answer to Question 1
The concentration of minorities in ghettos can create some serious difficulties for urban areas. For example, residential segregation exacerbates both poverty and economic deprivation for both African Americans and Hispanics. Minorities who live in segregated urban neighborhoods have more difficulties finding jobs or taking advantage of educational opportunities that are available. Segregation also concentrates the problem of poverty into a few neighborhoods rather than spreading it more evenly around a metropolitan area. Such dispersal could spread the burden of assisting the poor throughout the metropolitan area. Residential segregation can also enhance tensions between racial groups. Much research has shown that such segregation can lead to negative stereotyping, hostility, and prejudice. Sympathy and understanding decline without social contact between groups. The outcome is mutual mistrust and suspicion that make working toward solutions for urban problems even more difficult.
Answer to Question 2
One important consequence of population growth is crowding. Studies of animals have shown that extreme crowding can have adverse consequences, including increases in aggression and erratic behavior. Animal studies, however, are only suggestive of how crowding may affect human beings, because it would depend on people's past experiences and their expectations. In addition, living quarters and work areas can be designed so that density is high but people do not have the impression of being crowded, and potentially negative effects could be avoided.
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