Answer to Question 1
One reason for the emergence of gay communities is protection: Gays feel safer from the assaults and gain some degree of distance from homophobia when living among others like themselves. The second reason for their emergence is that it enables gays to live among others who share their lifestyle and values. A third reason is that these communities afford gays a degree of political power. By numerically dominating a community, they can elect city and state politicians who support their interests. An additional reason is that gaysespecially those who wish to live an openly gay lifeare sometimes discouraged from living in neighborhoods dominated by the majority.
Answer to Question 2
Functionalists argue that some tasks were allocated to men and others to women in preindustrial societies because such arrangements were more convenient and practical. It was more practical to assign men to tasks, such as hunting or felling trees, that are physically demanding. Men were also assigned dangerous tasks, such as protecting the group against attack from enemies. Women, on the other hand, who were limited by pregnancy and the need to nurse their young, were considered better suited to tasks such as gathering roots or berries, cooking food, and making pottery. These came to be seen as natural ways for men and women to behave rather than as practical means of accomplishing societal tasks.
Over nearly 30 years, humans removed many polar bears for a variety of reasons, from a population in
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