What explains the continuing barriers to equal education in the 1970s?
a. Inner-city schools, with a concentration of minority populations, lacked the resources of their suburban counterparts.
b. California voters approved a constitutional amendment that banned mandatory busing programs unless intentional segregation could be proved.
c. White parents placed their children in private schools with better resources.
d. All of the above.
Question 2
In the 1970s and 1980s, job opportunities for African Americans both improved and worsened. What explains this dichotomy?
a. The migration of industrial jobs to the suburbs led to a decline of jobs in inner cities where African Americans were concentrated; at the same time, more blacks opened their own businesses.
b. The migration of industrial jobs out of the state led to a decline of blue-collar employment in inner cities where poor African Americans were concentrated; at the same time, more blacks opened their own businesses than in any other part of the country.
c. Affirmative-action programs led to more hiring of African Americans in service-sector jobs. This was an improvement in that there were new jobs created in urban areas; however, it led to a decline in wages and benefits compared to industrial jobs.
d. African Americans began to move to the suburbs where they found better-paying jobs, but many experienced discrimination and were not hired for these jobs.
Schools IN for Summer
Intradermal drug administration: (a) cross section of skin showing depth of needle insertion Source:
Providing patient education
Matthew Ritchie, three stills from The Iron City.
The main avenue to the upward social mobility reviewed in the text has been higher education.
Created Equal: A Social and Political History of the United States, Brief Edition